Managing Technology Risk in R&D Project Planning: Optimal Timing and Parallelization of R&D Activities

Managing Technology Risk in R&D Project Planning: Optimal Timing and Parallelization of R&D Activities

An inherent characteristic of R&D projects is technological uncertainty, which may result in project failure, and time and resources spent without any tangible return. In pharmaceutical projects, for instance, stringent scientific procedures have to be followed to ensure patient safety and drug efficacy in pre-clinical and clinical tests before a medicine can be approved for production. A proje...

RD-flatness and RD-injectivity

It is proved that every commutative ring whose RD-injective modules are Σ-RD-injective is the product of a pure semi-simple ring and a finite ring. A complete characterization of commutative rings for which each artinian (respectively simple) module is RD-injective, is given. These results can be obtained by using the properties of RD-flat modules and RD-coflat modules which are respectively th...

Early markers of retinal degeneration in rd/rd mice.

PURPOSE In the rd/rd mouse, the cell death of rod photoreceptors has been correlated to abnormal levels of the cyclic nucleotide cGMP within photoreceptors. Given that cGMP is required for opening of the cationic channels, there is the possibility that a high cGMP concentration would maintain these channels open, at a high energy cost for the retina. METHODS We investigated whether cation cha...

Law invariant risk measures on L∞(Rd)

Kusuoka (2001) has obtained explicit representation theorems for comonotone risk measures and, more generally, for law invariant risk measures. These theorems pertain, like most of the previous literature, to the case of scalar-valued risks. Jouini-Meddeb-Touzi (2004) and Burgert-Rüschendorf (2006) extended the notion of risk measures to the vector-valued case. Recently Ekeland-Galichon-Henry (...

Homeomorphic meshes in Rd